ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
-detection of:
1) ECG changes
2) rise/fall in cardiac biomarker (troponin/CKMB)
3) ischaemia evidence
THROMBOSIS
-formation of blood clot (thrombus) which can obstruct the blood flow
thrombus = coagulated blood (platelets + fibrin + entrapped cellular elements)
EMBOLUS
-detached intravascular physical mass which is carried in the circulation till it reaches a vessel which is too small to permit its further passage when occlusion occur.
-6 types : thromboemboli (pulmunary/systemic), air/gas, fat, amniotic fluid, foreign body, tumour
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)
-thrombosis of any deep vein (commonly calf)
PULMUNARY EMBOLISM
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ATHEROMA -fibrolipid plague in medium/large size artery. Not in small artery --> low pressure.
ISCHAEMIA
-imbalance between blood supply and demand oxygenated blood to a tissue
-reduced blood supply --> insufficiency of oxygen + lack of nutrient + inadequate removal of metabolites
REPERFUSION INJURY
-cell proceeds to die after blood flow resumes
INFARCTION
-area of ischaemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either arterial supply or venous drainage in particular tissue
TB
-common and often deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans
PNEUMONIA
-inflammatory condition of the lung with consolidation due to an inflammatory exudate (usually caused by bacteria infection)
BRONCHOECTASIS
-abnormal irreversable dilation of the bronchi
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
-widespread bronchial obstruction secondary to episodic muscular spasm and plugging by thick mucous.
OEDEMA
-increased fluid in the interstitial tissue space
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOUR - carcinoid tumour
1-class of tumour that was thought to be derived from neural crest
2-secrete hormone
NB : tumour marker = chromogranin
ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
-dilation of the abdominal aorta (>3cm) formed by widening of the lumen secondary to weakness of the aortic wall, that may extend proximally or distally along the artery.
Seram kan? Kesimpulannya, jagalah jantung anda.
-detection of:
1) ECG changes
2) rise/fall in cardiac biomarker (troponin/CKMB)
3) ischaemia evidence
THROMBOSIS
-formation of blood clot (thrombus) which can obstruct the blood flow
thrombus = coagulated blood (platelets + fibrin + entrapped cellular elements)
EMBOLUS
-detached intravascular physical mass which is carried in the circulation till it reaches a vessel which is too small to permit its further passage when occlusion occur.
-6 types : thromboemboli (pulmunary/systemic), air/gas, fat, amniotic fluid, foreign body, tumour
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)
-thrombosis of any deep vein (commonly calf)
PULMUNARY EMBOLISM
-primary complication of DVT with proximal dissemination of thrombus to pulmunary circulation and resultant ventilation/perfusion deficit
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
-thickening of the arteries characterised by the formation of intimal fibrous plague that often have a central grumous core rich in lipid
-wikipedia : condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol.
ATHEROMA -fibrolipid plague in medium/large size artery. Not in small artery --> low pressure.
ISCHAEMIA
-imbalance between blood supply and demand oxygenated blood to a tissue
-reduced blood supply --> insufficiency of oxygen + lack of nutrient + inadequate removal of metabolites
REPERFUSION INJURY
-cell proceeds to die after blood flow resumes
INFARCTION
-area of ischaemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either arterial supply or venous drainage in particular tissue
TB
-common and often deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans
PNEUMONIA
-inflammatory condition of the lung with consolidation due to an inflammatory exudate (usually caused by bacteria infection)
BRONCHOECTASIS
-abnormal irreversable dilation of the bronchi
PLEURAL EFFUSION
-accumulation of fluid in pleural space
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
-widespread bronchial obstruction secondary to episodic muscular spasm and plugging by thick mucous.
OEDEMA
-increased fluid in the interstitial tissue space
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOUR - carcinoid tumour
1-class of tumour that was thought to be derived from neural crest
2-secrete hormone
NB : tumour marker = chromogranin
ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
-dilation of the abdominal aorta (>3cm) formed by widening of the lumen secondary to weakness of the aortic wall, that may extend proximally or distally along the artery.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS
1) Age
2) Smoking
3) Male> Female
4) Hypertension
5) Hyperlipidaemia
6) Obesity
7) Diabetes Mellitus ( high glucose)
Seram kan? Kesimpulannya, jagalah jantung anda.
